Effects of salinity stress on growth and phenolics of rice. One set was grown as a control nonstress and other as salt stressed. New phenotyping technique for salinity tolerance at. Pdf sciencedirect effects of salt stress on rice growth and.
Here we present the most recent data on the salinity effect on rice physiology and stress adaptation, including implications on growth regulation and reproductive development. Despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice, the achievements so far are quite modest. It is a major agronomic problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Assessment of salinity tolerance in rice using seedling. Carbohydrate metabolism, rice, salinity stress, salt tolerant salinity is a major environmental stress affecting plant productivity and constitutes a problem concerning many areas, with an emphasis on regions with hot and dry climates. A soil is termed saline if its osmotic pressure is approximately 0. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. Two yield parameters, tiller number per plant and spikelet number per panicle, have proved most sensitive to salinity and are highly significantly correlated to final seed yield in rice cultivar under salt stress zeng and shannon, 2000. Whatever differences appear among the genotypes will be due to the response of genotype for salinity treatment. An endophyte from saltadapted pokkali rice confers salt. Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice.
Here, we show that transcription factor osmads25 positively regulates the root system development and tolerance to salinity and oxidative stress in rice plants. Salinity threat is estimated to reduce global rice production by 50%. In this study, we mapped one major qtlqse3 for seed germination and seedling establishment under salinity stress in rice. Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and. The osmotic effects of salinity stress can be observed immediately after salt application and are believed to continue for the duration of exposure, resulting in inhibited cell expansion and cell division, as well as stomatal closure t. Breeding for salt tolerance is a major goal for rice breeders for which screens are required to select out tolerant lines for breeding. Figure 2 timeline of regulations and changes in symplastic waterrelated functions of a plant cell after saltinduced osmotic changes. The effect of salt stress on the germination of maize zea. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and. Mohammad rashed hossain a thesis submitted to the university of birmingham for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses that affect growth, development and productivity of major crops. Experiment was conducted in triplicate and in two sets. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content.
To understand the molecular basis of this qtl, we isolated qse3 by map. Tarom azmoon was exposed to 200 mm nacl for 14 days. Figure 4, b and c, shows plants recovering for 8 d after a 9d exposure to 200 m m nacl. The results demonstrated that, response of root length to salt stress was more severe than shoot length figure 2. Challenges and opportunities thi my linh hoang 1, thach ngoc tran 2, thuy kieu tien nguyen 2, brett williams 1, penelope wurm 3, sean bellairs 3 and sagadevan mundree 1, 1 queensland university of technology qut centre for tropical crops and biocommodities, brisbane, qld 4001, australia. M r amirjanieffect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content, pigments and enzyme activity of rice. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and ion accumulation in two indica rice oriza sativa l. Rice responses to salinity stress in general, plants that are more salttolerant tend to grow more slowly at low salinity levels than less salttolerant. Effects of salt stress on different maize genotypes braz.
Effect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content, pigments and enzyme activity of rice. Using affymetrix rice genomic arrays, salinityinduced transcript profiles were documented recently in shoot tissues of ir29, a saltsensitive indica cultivar, and. Salanity stress in common bean phaseolus vulgaris l. Research paper increased tolerance to salt stress in opda. To investigate the role that mir528 plays in the plant stress response, we examined transgenic and wildtype control plants under salinity stress using fully developed plants fig. Moreover, salinity has an adverse effect on seed germination of many. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components. Instead, it is more tractable to dissect the plants response into traits that are.
It would also be the next frontier for integrationfree. Molecular and physiological traits imparting resistancetolerance and susceptibility to a particular biotic and abiotic stress are important from crop production point of view. Pruning the rice plant leaves leaving upper 23 leaves before salinization during the booting stage will not significantly affect yield and other component traits. Result of phenotypic response of rice genotypes to salinity stress at seedling stage indicated varied genotypic response. An increased level of expression of a number of stress related genes, including osdreb2a, osp5cs, osprot, and oslea3 was observed in the transgenic rice. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity. Salinity inflicted osmotic effects, ion toxicity and nutritional imbalance in rice. The cultivation of salinitytolerant cultivars is the most costeffective and environmentally friendly approach for salinity control. Rice crop responses to salinity stress in terms of responses to salinity stress, plants can be divided into t wo groupshalophyte or glycophytebased on their level. Therefore the role of the central stress signal jasmonate for the salt response was analysed in rice comparing the responses to salt stress for two jasmonic acid ja biosynthesis rice mutants cpm2 and hebiba impaired in the function of allene oxide.
Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance. Improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice mdpi. The salinity sensitivity of a rice variety is not only determined by the salinity level but also by the salinity stress time. Effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice. It was observed that salinity stress caused a significant decrease in shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of all rice varieties. Salinity caused a significant reduction on root length and shoot length. Despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice. L x yang, j y huang, h j yang, g dong, g liu, j zhu, y wangseasonal changes in the effects of freeair co2. Publications a variety of sorghum, sensitive to salinity, growing in sand culture and watered with a nutrient solution containing increasing concentrations of sodium chloride. However, rice is very sensitive to salinity and is the most salt sensitive cereal crop with a threshold of 3 dsm. Transcriptome analysis in different rice cultivars provides novel insights into desiccation and salinity stress responses. Genetic dissection of salt tolerance in rice louisiana. It has been reported that overexpression of bifunctional fusion of the tps and tpp genes of e. Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization.
Cytosolic calcium and ph signaling in plants under. The next frontierthe use of genome editing for integration free. Background because soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint affecting crop yield, much research has been conducted to develop plants with improved salinity tolerance. In rice, increased growth of roots in depth was found under drought stress asch et al. Salinity is a major yieldreducing factor in coastal and arid, irrigated rice production systems. Transcriptome analysis in different rice cultivars. Rootspecific transcript profiling of contrasting rice. Salinity is among the most damaging abiotic stresses for rice production which limits its growing area.
Na, ca, mg, cl, and so4 are the major ions involved. In the current study, we have characterized 98 unique rice landraces collected from coastal regions of india, affected by submergence and salinity, based on sub1 and saltol quantitative trait loci qtl linked microsatellite markers. The r eduction in leaf area table 1 of all 18 rice genotypes under salinity stress plants has been attributed to suppressed cell division. Enhanced rice salinity tolerance via crisprcas9targeted. Physiological responses to salinity were evaluated for contrasting genotypes, during the reproductive stage. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area. The value of electrical pd was smaller for rice grown in higher salinity level and longer duration of nacl application on their growing media. High salinityinduced osmotic stress increases the biosynthesis of aba. Rice was moderately sensitive to salinity, threshold being ec3 dsin beyond which yield starts decreasing.
Agronomy free fulltext improvement of salinity stress. Rice is susceptible to salinity specifically at the early vegetative and later. The stressinduced metabolic changes in the rice plant have been intensively studied, but. Screening six varieties of rice oryzasativa for salinity. Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain. Among many genes involved in this pathway, a phytoene synthase gene, ospsy3 and 9cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenases. Rice oryza sativa is particularly sensitive to salt stress during the reproductive stage. Perez af, estan mt, santa cruz a, bolarin mc 1993 effects of salinity on nitrate, total nitrogen, soluble protein and free amino acid. Germination and seedling growth of pulse crop vigna spp. Salinity in soil or water is one of the major stresses, can severely limit crop production shannon, 1998.
Rice transcription factor osmads25 modulates root growth. Author summary plant roots are constantly exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses, and high salinity is one of major limiting conditions that impose constraints on plant growth. Challenges and opportunities article pdf available october 2016 with 1,564 reads how we measure reads. Saltresistant rice cultivars nona bokra and ir 4630 exposed at the seedling stage during one or two weeks to 0, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mm nacl accumulated less na, cl, zn and proline and more k at root and shoot levels than saltsensitive i kong pao and ir 31785. Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting yield in many parts of the world. Among these genotypes, four genotypes ic536558, ic536559, ic536604 and ic5366041 collected from kerala and. Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat plos. To test the usefulness of microsatellite ssr markers associated with saltol qtl, a collection of 150 diverse rice genotypes were used. Attempts in understanding salt tolerance mechanisms has revealed several key. Abiotic stress is the negative impact of nonliving factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The consequences of all these can ultimately lead to plant death as result of growth arrest and molecular damage mc cure and hanson, 1990. Exogenous proline and trehalose promote recovery of rice. In recent years, crisprcas9 systems have been widely used for targetsite genome editing.
This work provides additional information on the roles of exogenously applied osmoprotectants in modifying responses of rice during salinity stress as well as during the recovery period. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between of salinity stress on growth and phenolic compounds in rice. Growth and cellular cation contents of the transgenic rice cells during salinity stress. Stress and disease tolerance irri rice knowledge bank. Salinity stress impacts many aspects of a plants physiology, making it difficult to study in toto. Aiwu, a moderately resistant genotype, exhibited an intermediate behaviour. Acid phosphatase activity is known to contribute to resistance under salt and water stress by maintaining a certain level of inorganic phosphate. It affected almost all phases of growth of rice plant and decreased yield adversely. Also osmotic stress imposed by sorbitol did not change ph cyt in rice or quince. Salinity stress represents a global constraint for rice, the most important staple food worldwide. Under salinity stress, changes of chemical contents also differed among phenolic compounds and rice.
Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate. Constitutive expression of rice microrna528 alters plant. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response. The ability of plants to cope with salinity stress is an important determinant of crop distribution.
Nipponbare grains from plants grown under lowtomoderate salinity stress in the greenhouse. Another salt responsive zinc finger protein gene zfp179ox leads to increased salt stress tolerance with increased level of free proline and soluble sugars in transgenic rice sun et al. For rice, soil salinity beyond ece 4 dsm is considered moderate salinity while more than 8 dsm becomes high. Few reports have addressed the effects of these osmoprotectants on modification of physiological responses during salt stress in rice. Effects of salt stress on growth, mineral nutrition and. Development of varieties with improved salt tolerance in major field crops is an urgent need to maintain crop productivity in different parts of the world. Chlorophyll, reproductive stage, rice, salt stress. Seed invigoration techniques to improve germination and early growth of inbred line of maize under salinity and drought stress. Abstract salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress affecting the world rice production.
The present study was designed to study the effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth and acid phosphatase activities in romaine and vista. Effect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content. Enhancing trehalose biosynthesis improves yield potential. The aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and functional changes in rice oryza sativa l. Salt stress imposes serious limitation to the plant growth and productivity and is considered a major threat to global food security. Plants were grown in sodium chloridecontaining soil 2 or 4 dsm2 electrical conductivity, which was imposed 4weeks after transplant called seedling ec2 and ec4 or. School of biosciences the university of birmingham august, 20. Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of. Salinity is a significant constraint to rice productivity in many inland and coastal ricegrowing areas and, furthermore, is contributing to the loss of arable lands in many countries due to salt. Rice shaker potassium channel oskat1 confers tolerance to. Pdf improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice. Salinity is considered to be a major abiotic stress affecting germination, seedling growth, and crop production in arid and semiarid regions yohannes and abraha, 20. Seed germination is a complex trait determined by both quantitative trait loci qtls and environmental factors and also their interactions. Results show that rice varieties respond to salinity differently.
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